原文期刊：时期周刊 原文题目：Searching for a Better Wealth Measure Than GDP 文章经过阐明GDP的增长并不代表人民幸福感的增加，指出GDP不是权衡经济经济表示的精确规范。本文是一篇观念论证型文章，依照“提出观念——论证观念——弥补观念”的脉络展开论述，可分红三个部分。
PART 1 原文 ⅠWe treat it with a numerologist's zeal. When it drops, we assume that grave societal consequences will follow. Macroeconomic policy is formed in its shadow. But now the granddaddy of economic statistics — gross domestic product (GDP) — is under attack. A variety of economists, psychologists and sociologists are beginning to say that GDP is an imprecise measurement of economic performance that distracts policymakers from more important measures of societal well-being. ⅡEconomists have long noted imperfections in how GDP — the market value of all goods and services produced in an economy — is calculated. For instance, unpaid work that might benefit society, like raising children, is not included in the calculations. Societal failures, however, often are: the cost of keeping 2 million people in prison boosts the U.S.'s GDP, as does fuel sales, despite the correlation with traffic congestion and pollution. Sustainability is also ignored — a heavily wooded country could see its GDP skyrocket if it turned over all its land to loggers. ⅢA 24-person panel, called the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, and other psychologists and sociologists have long noted that an increase in personal wealth above a certain income has only a small effect on life satisfaction. Far more important is a person's relative position in society — how big your house is compared with your neighbor's, as opposed to its absolute size. According to these studies, even if everyone's income rose at a uniform rate — a rising tide lifting all boats — the growth would not make anyone significantly happier, at least not in the long term, because the relative position of people would not have changed. ⅣDoes this mean we should ignore growth altogether? The panel did not come up with a single statistic to replace GDP, in the way that Bhutan — a state of 600,000 people in southeast Asia — has for years used Gross National Happiness as a GDP substitute. Instead, it suggests that countries publish an annual report, much like a corporation does, that includes a range of measurements of well-being. ⅤRichard Layard of the London School of Economics agrees with the panel's recommendations. He says policymakers need not worry about growth. “My view about economic growth is that it's absolutely inevitable,” he tells TIME. “It's simply the result of human creativity, and it will go on forever. But that won't be a huge factor in making us happier. What could make us happier is better human relationships.” But Nancy Folbre, an economist at the University of Massachusetts who served on the panel, says a focus on growth can be helpful. It's just that we need to think of the concept differently. “Growth doesn't have to mean more stuff,” she says. “Isn't that the point of the report, in a way? That growth doesn't have to mean growth in GDP?” PART 2 词汇短语 1.boost [bu:st] v. 使增长；使兴隆 2.distract [dstrkt] v. 转移(留意力)；分散(思想)；使分心 3.well-being n.健康；安乐；康乐 4.skyrocket [skarkt] v. 飞涨；猛涨 5.come up with 找到(答案)；拿出(一笔钱等) 6.turn over sth to sb 把……移交(给他人管理) 7.*Numerologist n. 算术占卜者，数字命理学家。数字命理学(Numerology)，又被称为占卜算术，它置信每个数字都有共同的共鸣频率及其特殊的属性和意义。经过数字命理学剖析，您就能知道自己的侥幸数字或者侥幸日。数字命理学信徒深信任何事都并非出于偶尔，而是由数字的影响和作用所决议 8.*traffic congestion 交通拥堵 （标*的为超纲词） PART 3 翻译点评 Ⅰ①We treat it with a numerologist's zeal. ②When it drops, we assume that grave societal consequences will follow. ③Macroeconomic policy is formed in its shadow. ④But now the granddaddy of economic statistics — gross domestic product (GDP) — is under attack. ⑤A variety of economists, psychologists and sociologists are beginning to say that GDP is an imprecise measurement of economic performance that distracts policymakers from more important measures of societal well-being. 翻译：我们以算术占卜者的热忱看待它。当它下滑时，我们以为随之而来的即是严重的社会结果。宏观经济政策在它的阴影下构成。但是往常，这位经济统计学的老祖宗——国内消费总值(GDP)——遭到了抨击。各路经济学家、心理学家和社会学家开端指出：GDP不是权衡经济运转的精确指标，该指标分散了政策制定者对社会安乐更重要的权衡指标的留意力。 点评：第一段为第一部分，提出观念。该段经过今夕对比来阐明：作为权衡经济运转的独一指标的GDP往常遭到了质疑。前三句指出过去人们对GDP的推崇：以为其下滑预示着严重的社会结果；宏观经济政策也依据GDP的动来制定。第四句转机(But)指出往常GDP遭到了抨击。末句细致论述第四句，从而提出了观念：GDP不是权衡经济运转的独一精确指标；政策制定应该更关注社会安乐的权衡指标(distracts... from more important measures of societal well-being)。 Ⅱ①Economists have long noted imperfections in how GDP — the market value of all goods and services produced in an economy — is calculated. ②For instance, unpaid work that might benefit society, like raising children, is not included in the calculations. ③Societal failures, however, often are: the cost of keeping 2 million people in prison boosts the U.S.'s GDP, as does fuel sales, despite the correlation with traffic congestion and pollution. ④Sustainability is also ignored — a heavily wooded country could see its GDP skyrocket if it turned over all its land to loggers. 翻译：GDP是指一个国度或地域的经济中所消费出的全部产品和劳务的市场价值。经济学家耐久以来不时以为在如何计算GDP方面存在缺陷。例如，可能会造福社会的无偿工作，如哺养子女，并不在计算的范畴之类。但是社会的负面费用却常常揽括其中：监管200万犯人的费用提升了美国的GDP；固然燃料销售关系到交通拥堵和污染，但其也提升了美国的GDP。持续性同样也遭到忽视——假如一个森林掩盖率高的国度将其林地全部移交给伐木工人管理，该国的GDP将会飙升。 点评：第二、三段为第二部分，分别从GDP的计算方式和GDP与民众幸福感的相关性方面论证观念。第二段首句为中心句指出GDP的计算方式存在缺陷。其他句子举例阐明中心句：可能会造福社会的无偿工作不在计算范围之内(如哺养子女)；构成社会负面成本的要素却包含其中(如立功、破坏环境等)。 Ⅲ①A 24-person panel, called the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, and other psychologists and sociologists have long noted that an increase in personal wealth above a certain income has only a small effect on life satisfaction. ②Far more important is a person's relative position in society — how big your house is compared with your neighbor's, as opposed to its absolute size. ③According to these studies, even if everyone's income rose at a uniform rate — a rising tide lifting all boats — the growth would not make anyone significantly happier, at least not in the long term, because the relative position of people would not have changed. 翻译：一个由24位成员组成的名为“经济表示和社会进步委员会”的讨论小组和其它心理学家、社会学家耐久以来不时以为，超越某一收入的个人财富增加只会对生活称心度有很小的影响。更重要的是个人在社会中的相对位置，如相比邻居家的房子，你的房子大多少，而不是房子的绝对面积。这些研讨指出，即便每个人的收入以统一速度上涨，水涨船高，但是这种上涨不会使得任何一个人觉得特别快乐，至少不会长期觉得特别快乐。由于人们的相对位置并没有发作改动。 点评：第三段前两句是专家小组对民众幸福感的研讨：超越某一收入的个人财富增加只会对生活称心度有很小的影响(第一句)；个人在社会中的相对位置对生活称心度的影响较大(第二句)。末句总结指出：每个人的收入以统一速度上涨(即GDP的上涨)并不会使得任何人觉得特别快乐(并不会带来人们幸福感的增加)，由于人们在社会中的相对位置并没有发作改动。 Ⅳ①Does this mean we should ignore growth altogether? ②The panel did not come up with a single statistic to replace GDP, in the way that Bhutan — a state of 600,000 people in southeast Asia — has for years used Gross National Happiness as a GDP substitute. ③Instead, it suggests that countries publish an annual report, much like a corporation does, that includes a range of measurements of well-being. 翻译：这能否意味着我们应该完整忽视增长呢？该小组并没有像不丹一样找到一种单一统计量来替代GDP。位于东南亚具有60万人口的不丹曾经用国民幸福总值替代GDP很多年了。相反，该小组倡议国度像公司一样发布一个年度讲演，该讲演中包含一系列的幸福指标。 点评：第四、五段为第三部分，弥补观念。第四段首句承接上文提出设问：(既然GDP有这么多缺陷，)我们能否应该完整忽视增长？其他句子给出了答案：并不是要找到一种单一统计量(如国民幸福总值)来替代GDP，而是能够思索发布一系列的幸福指标。 Ⅴ①Richard Layard of the London School of Economics agrees with the panel's recommendations. ②He says policymakers need not worry about growth.③ “My view about economic growth is that it's absolutely inevitable,” he tells TIME. “It's simply the result of human creativity, and it will go on forever. But that won't be a huge factor in making us happier. What could make us happier is better human relationships.” ④But Nancy Folbre, an economist at the University of Massachusetts who served on the panel, says a focus on growth can be helpful. ⑤It's just that we need to think of the concept differently. ⑥“Growth doesn't have to mean more stuff,” she says. “Isn't that the point of the report, in a way? That growth doesn't have to mean growth in GDP?” 翻译：伦敦经济学院的理查德·雷亚德同意该小组的提议。他以为政策制定者不需求为经济增长担忧。他在接受《时期》访问时说：“我对经济增长的见地是：经济增长是绝对不可避免的，它只是人类发明力的产物，会无止尽的增长。但是它不会成为使得我们更幸福的严重要素。能使我们更有幸福感的是更好的人际人际关系。”但是参与小组讨论的来自马萨诸塞大学的南希·费贝尔则以为关注增长是有辅佐的。我们只是需求以不同的角度来审视这个概念。“经济增长并不一定意味着更多的东西，”她说。“这在某种水平上不就是讲演的观念吗？这种增长不一定要意味着GDP的增长？” 点评：第五段前三句引见了经济学家理查德·雷亚德以为经济增长无须关注的观念：经济增长是绝对不可避免的，会无止尽的增长下去；能使我们更有幸福感的是更好的人际人际关系而不是经济增长。第四句转机指出专家小组成员之一南希·费贝尔对其观念的驳斥，从而弥补全篇观念：关注经济增长是有辅佐的，只是要正确了解经济增长的概念，民众幸福感的增加也是经济增长的一种表示。 右下角的每一枚“在看” 点击阅读原文进入20考研题源外刊赏析（升级版） |
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